The main producers of domestic cultivators are brought in a note, and also brands of cultivators, their appointment and a short technical characteristics.
UDC 631
One of the major technological operations in cultivation of agricultural cultures – soil cultivation.
In Ukraine cultivators make:
- JSC Prommash Plant (Kramatorsk Donetsk Region);
- JSC NVP Belotserkov MAZ;
- JSC Umanfermmash;
- JSC Hmelnikselmash;
- JSC LKMZ (Lozovaya of the Kharkov Region);
- JSC Krasnaya zvezda (Kirovograd), etc.
Let’s stop briefly on best of them. Cultivators of series KPS-KPE of production of JSC Prommash Plant are worthy. Their successful feature is installation on one frame of replaceable lancet paws. It gave the chance wide paws (410 and 500 mm) cultivator of KPE to carry out the main processing of the soil with a simultaneous boronovaniye and savings on its surface of an eddish for fight against wind and water erosion, providing a vlagosberezheniye. Installation of narrow paws of a cultivator of KPS (330 mm) that gives the chance to use a cultivator for steam and preseeding processing of the soil with a simultaneous boronovaniye after a plowed land under sowing of grain and commercial crops is alternatively possible. Advantage is two times decrease in expenses of the producer on capital investments. Depth of processing of the soil is provided within 8-17 cm, and quality of dyeing of the soil on fractions to 25 mm – isn’t less than 80 %.
Base samples of cultivators of a series are KSP-KPE-7 and KPS-KPE-9,5.
By results of tests it is established that cultivators of series KPS-KPE qualitatively and reliably carry out engineering procedure.
The cultivator hinged KN-3,8-12 productions of JSC NVP Belotserkov is intended to MAZ for continuous and preseeding processing of the soil, and also care of pairs. During moving across the field lancet paws of a cultivator not only crush the soil, but also at the same time cut root system of weeds.
Cultivators steam hinged KPN-4 and KPN-8 productions of JSC Umanfermmash are intended for continuous processing of the soil. Unite such technological operations, as loosening, a mulchirovaniye, alignment of a relief of a field and destruction of weeds.
Working bodies of cultivators are lancet paws and ridge skating rinks. For regulation of depth of processing of the soil the screw adaptation for change of provision of basic wheels concerning a frame is provided.
The cultivator hinged KGR-6 productions of JSC Ukragrokom is intended for preseeding processing of all types of soils on depth to 12 cm and processing parov and eddishes by depth to 16 cm with a simultaneous boronovaniye spring and zubovy harrows.
Lately domestic producers mastered new type of working body which establish on a cultivator lemeshno-disk KLD-2,0 productions of JSC LKMZ. The car is intended for continuous preseeding and zyablevy processing of the soil and parov. Working body – a ploughshare similar to a lancet paw with a high corner of a sock and the lateral planes. Its work is based on soil "skalyvaniye" in front and on each side. Power consumption of this process is less in comparison with power of traditional types of lancet paws. The car works at speeds of 8-10 km/h and provides satisfactory quality of dyeing, cutting and seal of the vegetative remains.
Cultivators universal KUN-3 and KUN-6,3 and units combined high-speed AKSh-2,5; AKSh-3,6 and AKSh-5,6 productions of JSC Hmelnikselmash. KUN units are intended for continuous processing parov and preseeding processing of the soil. Units of AKSh type are the combined units for high-speed superficial processing of the soil. They for one pass carry out all operations on soil preparation under crops. In operating time of the unit of AKSh type ploskorezny knifes cut and lift a soil layer, disks shift and crush it, and the flexible turned self-cleaning harrow loosens, levels, plans, destroys and throws out weeds on a soil surface, closes moisture.
Table 1. Short technical characteristics of domestic cultivators
In the engineering plan pochvorykhlitel GRN-3,9 are new; GRN-2,9 productions of JSC Krasnaya zvezda. Level-by-level cultivation of the soil by group of three paws, each of which comes on small depth, gives the chance qualitatively (in the corresponding layer), energy saving to process the soil depth to 28 see.
Cultivators KG-4, KG-8, KF-5,4 and KShP-6 productions of Shepetovsky plant are intended for continuous processing of the soil (KG-4 and KG-8). Cultivators milling KF-5,4 and universal UKR-5,6 – for mezhryadny processing of the soil; the cultivator multioperational KShP-8 – for preseeding processing of the soil, has updating KShP-3,6.
Cultivator universal UKR-5,6 make in updatings UKR-8,4; UKR-4,2 and UKR-2,8; cultivator KG-4 has updatings KG-3 and KG-2.
Cultivators combined semi-hook-on KKP-6 "Cardinal" and shirokozakhvatny semi-hook-on KShN-5,6 makes JSC Galeshchinamashzavod. Cultivator KShN-5,6 "Resident" is intended for the main processing of the soil without a reversing of a layer and it is recommended for use in all zones of Ukraine. Cultivator KKP-6 "Cardinal" is intended for preseeding processing of the soil, especially effectively to use it after plowing.
Cultivators of KUN and KPS type are made by JSC Irpenmash. Cultivators universal with width of capture from 4,2 to 8,1 m, hinged also are intended for interrow processing and top dressing of crops of a sugar beet, sunflower, corn, a soya and other cultures. Them complete with working bodies which carry out preseeding processing of the soil, interrow processing after emergence of shoots, soil loosening in row-spacings, a podgortaniye of ryadok for oppression of weeds and introduction of liquid and loose fertilizers.
Cultivators for continuous processing of the soil hook-on KPS-4M both hinged KPS-4M-01 and KPS-3,3F use for preseeding processing of the soil and parov with a simultaneous boronovaniye in all zones, except stony soils.
JSC Kalinovskoye rayonnoye predpriyatiye Agromash makes cultivators hinged KN-2,5 and KN-4,5 for continuous processing of the soil during its preparation under the main pages – x. cultures. For one pass they cut with lancet paws weeds, crush and level the soil disks; crush and condense the top layer.
Cultivators KPSP-4 and KPSN-4 are intended for preseeding processing of the soil and with a simultaneous boronovaniye. Depth of processing regulate change of provision of basic wheels. It is recommended for all zones of Ukraine.
The Dnipromash plant develops the whole scale of various cultivators, including heavy KT-5 and KT-8; cultivators protivoeroziyny combined which compactly develop, – "Dnipropak" KTS-7,8 and KTS-6,4 and cultivators for processing parov KOP-7,4; a cultivator hinged combined KNK-6; a cultivator of hook-on KP – 4-1; cultivator hinged KPN-4 and cultivator protivoeroziyny KPP-3,9.
So, there were new designs of cultivators with lancet paws which can process sternevy backgrounds after cleaning of grain crops. Cultivators KPS-KPE and KGR are intended for processing parov and preseeding processing. shirokofunkcionalny, much more technologically in use during readjustment at change of a type of engineering procedure, them it is possible to use units on raised (do10-15 km/h) working speeds, they at high indicators of reliability are much cheaper than foreign analogs.
(On Propozits_ya magazine materials).