Article is devoted to production of a biodiesel engine in Ukraine. In it it is told about researches of physical and chemical properties of oil, diesel fuel and methyl air, dependence of prime cost of a rape on its productivity, about existing production technologies of methyl air from vegetable oils.
The concept of the development program of production of diesel biofuel till 2010, prepared by the Ministry of an agrarian policy, for providing landowners with fuel from vegetative raw materials at the stable prices is presented.
T
In Ukraine physical and chemical properties of oil, diesel fuel and methyl air, dependence of prime cost of a rape on its productivity, existing production technologies of methyl air from vegetable oils are investigated. Results of test of the D-65 engine are received at its work on methyl air and its mixes with diesel fuel. The concept of the development program of production of diesel biofuel till 2010, prepared by the Ministry of an agrarian policy, for providing landowners with fuel from vegetative raw materials at the stable prices is presented.
Need of introduction for domestic farms of technologies on manufacturing alternative to oil types is actual as Ukraine for 90 % of fuel depends on import oil. Besides, the standard is established at the accession to EU biofuel should to make not less than 10 % of the used fuel in the country.
In modern conditions one of the most suitable sources for replacement of liquid oil fuel is vegetable oil (in agroclimatic conditions of Europe vegetative oil from a rape) which on physical and chemical properties comes nearer to diesel fuel.
In civilized countries of the world (Europe, the USA) production of a biodiesel engine from vegetable oil got rather wide circulation. Profitability of this production in many respects depends on expenses at a preparatory stage which include processes of cultivation of primary raw materials, harvesting, its storage, and also otzhaty and an oil filtration. The most important from these processes – cultivation as productivity of primary raw materials (in our case of a rape) forms the price for it.
Complexity of introduction of mass production of a biodiesel engine in Ukraine is connected with imperfection of existing technologies. Oil, as well as any fat, consists of molecules of fat acid and glycerin. This fat leads to a zabivaniye of fuel equipment, incomplete combustion of fuel and increase in quantity of a ballast that predetermines an exit of engines out of operation.
Some foreign firms solve this problem by engine re-equipment for oil use, but it is irrational, since. It is interfaced sometimes to big expenses.
The purpose of all other existing technologies is production on the basis of vegetable oil of methyl air which is used for DVS in pure form and in a mix with diesel fuel. In Ukraine it is possible to carry the problems connected with power consumption and profitability of process of production to the main problems of production of methyl air. There are also difficulties during the manufacturing of the special equipment, preparation of the corresponding experts. A construction of large plant, conduct to growth of expenses for the organization of works, transportation of primary raw materials and ready methyl air, there is a need for a large number of consumers, there is a danger of monopolization of production.
In the specified concept, one of the profitable directions for Ukraine, provides creation of economic installations in each large-scale enterprise or the region. For this purpose by domestic developers the main engineering procedures on production of methyl air should be most simplified.
Now in Ukraine installation of economic type on production of methyl air in NNTs Institute of mechanization and electrification of agricultural industry which works on "cold" technology is developed. On it the pilot lot of methyl air on which passed test the D-65H engine when using pure methyl air and its mixes was made. Thus the expense of methyl air in comparison with DT increased by 1,6-5,4 % depending on engine loading, and its capacity practically wasn’t allocated.
Methyl air on the basis of vegetable oils the most suitable alternative to diesel fuel in the near future in all civilized world as a whole and agricultural industry of Ukraine as it is developed from available fast-renewable raw materials, successfully passes tests for DVS, has available manufacturing techniques.
In Ukraine it is headed for expansion of the areas under rape crops from which seeds the biodiesel engine is developed. On predesigns, in 2006 in Ukraine the areas under a rape will extend to 700 thousand hectares. Design of two plants on production of bioethanol which it is decided to place in the Sumy and Zhitomir areas is begun. It will give the chance to develop in a year in Ukraine to 200 thousand tons of additional fuel.
The cabinet council of Ukraine approved the concept of development of production of diesel biofuel till 2010, prepared by the Ministry of an agrarian policy. The program is developed due to the need of providing landowners at the stable prices, creations of the guaranteed sales market of vegetative raw materials, reduction of an import of energy carriers.
By government calculations, on construction of plants on production of a biodiesel engine and creation of zones of the concentrated cultivation of a rape (the area of 50-70 thousand hectares) is necessary about 170 million euros. As sources of financing innovative means, means of the agrarian and industrial complexes enterprises and the state support (on a returnable basis) are called.
Among the main objectives of the Program – ensuring the guaranteed sale with agricultural producers of the rape necessary for production of biofuel and creation of system of state standards in this sphere.
In the concept of the program it is noted that for ensuring carrying out agricultural works about 1870 thousand tons of diesel fuel and 620 thousand tons of gasoline are annually necessary for Ukraine. For production of such volume of fuel nearly 4,5 million tons of oil which is mainly imported are used. Increase in the area of crops of a rape to 10 % of total area of an arable land in Ukraine and processing of 75 % of the received crop on biofuel, according to developers of the concept, will allow to provide domestic agrarian and industrial complex with energy resources of own production.
According to requirements of European Union concerning biofuel use, its share in structure of power consumption of EU Member States till the end of 2005 should reach 2 %, till the end of 2010 – 5,7 %. Thus, it is emphasized in the document, Ukraine should develop and consume over 520 thousand tons of biofuel in 2010.
The ministry counts that as a result of implementation of the actions defined by the Program, the volume of gross domestic product of Ukraine will increase on 14,72 billion UAH., and additional receipts in the budget will increase by 1,6 billion UAH.
N KOLOTIJ, leading expert KGAUKC.
(On periodicals materials).