Results of tests of the hook-on harvester operating on a method of an ochesyvaniye of a grain part of a standing crop with the subsequent completion of lots on a hospital are given.
UDC 631
Existing grain-harvesting park of Ukraine sostavlyaet 50 thousand pieces, from which 80 % out-of-date morally and physically combines. 2759 combines are the share of a share of farms. Such obrayozy, most sharply the problem of cleaning of the grain faces farmer and country farms. One of solutions of a problem is development of modular grain-harvesting equipment.
The most expedient option of cleaning zeryonovy in the conditions of farmer and country hoyozyaystvo is cleaning in the field of a grain part of a crop with the subsequent completion on a hospital. In a general view this technology is presented on fig. 1 (see above).
The field harvester carries out the first opeyoratsiya in the general technological chain harvest processa – cleaning and giving in the trailer of a grain part uroyozhy. The analysis of methods and means of cleaning of a grain part of a crop allowed to draw a conclusion that in the most acceptable way of cleaning of a grain part yavlyaetsya a method of an ochesyvaniye of plants on a root.
The hook-on harvester predstavlyaet itself a frame with wheels on which the two-drum-type ochesyvayushchy device and the pnevmayotichesky conveyor is mounted.
Engineering procedure of the hook-on harvester proceeds as follows. At a car dvizheyoniya across the field stalks of plants in the beginning otklonyayutsya a forward casing of the ochesyvayushchy chamber, and then under the influence of an air stream, sozdavayoemy ochesyvayushchy drums, get to an ochesyvaniye zone in the bottom of the chamber. The combs located on forming drum, ochesyvayut stalks.
For an agregatirovaniye of the harvester the MTZ-80 tractor, and for collecting ochesanny lots – the trailer cart, attached to the harvester (fig. 3, look above) is used.
The hook-on harvester studied on fields of the Melitopol region of the Zaporozhye area during a harvest season of 2006. The purpose of researches was definition of such quality indicators of engineering procedure of the harvester, as productivity (hectare/h), losses (%), fractional sostav lots (%), density of ochesanny lots (kg/m3).
The aero background characteristic (a soya "Agate") for carrying out tests
During carrying out a zksperiment it is revealed that the harvester well carries out technological process, in a range of speeds 0,8 – 2,87 m/s of loss of grain a talus made 0,3-1,2 %, neochesanny pods – 0,3-0,62 %, the general losses – 0,82-1,82 %. With increase in forward speed of movement of the harvest unit of loss neochesy slightly increase, and losses by a talus decrease in the beginning with 0,7 to 0,3 % (at speeds of movement of 0,8-2,0 m/s), and then increase to 1,2 % at speed of 2,87 m/s. Therefore, the most rational range of speeds of movement of the unit are speeds 1,7 – 2,87 m/s.
During performance by car of engineering procedure of cleaning the ochesanny lots representing a mix of free grain, not threshed pods and solomisty impurity with the threshed pods turns out.
As a result of carrying out experiences the zavisiyomost of change of productivity harvest mashiny from speed of movement is received. Productivity of the car kolebletsya within 0,52-1,42 hectares/h. Srednekvadratichesky deviations of productivity with uvelicheniyoy change speeds slightly that svidetelstvuet about stability of process.
At operation of the car the grain part uroyozhy is cleaned, and in the field there is an ochesanny straw.
For its cleaning most expediently ispolzovat the rotational working bodies allowing izmelchat and to scatter straw across the field for the purpose of poyosleduyushchy seal to the soil.
Thus, it is established that at operation of the uboyorochny unit in a range of speeds of 1,7-2,2 m/s the general losses of grain make 0,82-1,0 % that doesn’t exceed agrotechnical requirements, thus productivity makes 1,0-1,28 hectares/h that will allow farmers in due time with the minimum losses to harvest.
(On magazine materials Equipment of agrarian and industrial complex).