In a note recommendations about onions cleaning about manual and mechanical technologies, and also conditions of a bookmark and onions storage are made.
UDC 635
When ignoring the correct storage conditions of loss of products can make to 50-70 %.
Harvesting provides two technologies: manual and mechanical. Both of them provide a number of operations by means of which bulbs clear of the sheet device, dry up, prepare for transportation.
Mechanical cleaning. World experience shows that 80 % of farmers to a suspension of process of growth are applied by desikant. Chemical processing carry out, when 70 % of leaves for plantations poleglo, but not earlier than in 7-10 days after watering. If processing to make during the period when plants still too unripe, it will lead to that bulbs will be languid, development of root system can renew.
If the desikant was applied too late when leaves completely dried, the preparation in general can not get to a bulb that will reduce efficiency of processing and the period of storage of production.
In 5-7 days after processing, by means of a complex from two cars (and a kopatel) leaves cut off a srezchik of leaves, bulbs dig out and put in are shaky in the field for a dosushka. In 7-10 days the onions in wolves dry and are ready to a bookmark on storage.
Manual cleaning is carried out when 95 % of leaves polyazhet and necks of bulbs become dry. In this case chemical processing (application of desikant) isn’t carried out. The dug-out onions store in are shaky in the field, dry during the same period, as at mechanical cleaning.
White grades of onions during drying in wolves follows pritenyat the remains of leaves or a cloth for avoidance of solar burns and a pozeleneniye of bulbs.
Production storage. Before a bookmark delete the bulbs affected with diseases, injured and sub-standard. Further onions stack in containers on 600-1000kg or in special burty in height of 2-3 m with good compulsory ventilation. Bulbs should have well dried up neck in length of 4-6 cm and not less than 2 layers of a dry thin skin. At observance of all these requirements in storage make final drying by means of hot air which is passed through all burt, at t 27-30os within 2-3 weeks. Then temperature gradually reduce, that in the middle of December it made 3oS, and from the middle of January – near 0oS.
The following important requirement – humidity of air. Ideal humidity of air for onions storage – 60-70 %.
Thus, at observance of requirements for cleaning, preparation for storage and microclimate maintenance in storage it is possible to keep to 98 % of a crop.
A.Artyukh.
(On Ovoshchevodstvo magazine materials).