In a selection factors of negative influence on grape berries therefore they fissure are in detail stated. The wine-grower will find the answer to a burning issue in the publication – that it is necessary to undertake, that berries didn’t fissure.
WHETHER it is POSSIBLE to FIGHT AGAINST CRACKING of BERRIES
Grapes. We know that the rastreskiyovaniye of berries depends on high-quality osobenyonost. Other reason of it is defeat of bushes oidiumy with which we borotsya learned. In my opinion, cracking of berries from rains is defined by two fakyotor: diets and irrigation.
Mode pitayoniya. It is known that the main eleyoment of a food of plants are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Let’s consider their role in development of bushes.
Nitrogen – a basic element, sposobstvuyoyushchy to growth strengthening, and, therefore, it sets the fashion to growth of cages not so much regarding their division, how many in a uveyolicheniye of their sizes. So, at the strengthened nitric food force of growth of escapes amplifies, their interstices are extended. Nitrogen promotes moisture accumulation in fabrics and cages. The pulp of berries becomes more voyodyanisty, therefore their sugar content snizhaetsya not so much at the expense of quantity uglevodov, how many at the expense of decrease in their kontsentyoratsiya. Especially it is observed at polive bushes or after a rain in a zreyolost of berries. Thus on muscat grades easing muscat in At the same time, along with increase in volume of pulp is observed, nitrogen doesn’t promote a uveyolicheniye of thickness and the size of a cover of berries. But, as nitrogen promotes growth of berries at the expense of increase in volume of pulp, the cover of berries is stretched, its thickness thus decreases. Along with a poyolozhitelny factor of effect of nitrogen on a growth in volumes of berries, it, in the same vremya, at the expense of increase in a navodnennost myakoti, detains increase of a kontsentrayotsiya of caxarov, extending maturing terms. It weakens durability of a cover of berries that the rastreskivayoniya (even conducts to increase of risk them at slight increase of humidity of the soil or a krone irrigation).
What factors constraining influence of nitrogen? They are shown in operation the following elements.
Fosforsposobstvuyet to cell fission, thereby, causing growth of volume of pulp of berries. At the same time, promotes increase in the size and thickness of covers of berries. Phosphorus sets intensity them to coloring. Probably, to these that fact speaks that berries with tsvetyony coloring, because of bigger accumulation of phosphorus, are steadier against cracking.
Kaliyreguliruyet intake of moisture in fabrics and cages. Exactly thanks to this element kusty transfer deficiency of moisture in the soil easier. They become steadier against a drought at the expense of a regulation mode a moisture raskhodovayoniya potassium. During the deficiency periods vlagi potassium brakes transpiratsiya processes, reducing a consumption of moisture, and in a case the izyobytka – constrains her receipt. At the same time, potassium, reducing pulp volume, unlike nitrogen, doesn’t change thickness of a cover of berries.
For each phase of development of bushes trebuetsya the ratio of elements pitayoniya. So, at the beginning of vegetation bushes consume nitrogen more. From the beginning of flowering and growth of berries they, more, potreblyayut phosphorus, and in their maturing – sharply falls nitrogen consumption, but vozrastaet a phosphorus and potassium role.
Irrigation mode. When blooming eyes and prior to the beginning of flowering when there is an intensive growth of escapes, bodies of a plodoyonosheniye and root system, the need of grapes for water increases. By the beginning and during flowering growth rates of escapes snizhayutsya, decreases during this period and a potrebyonost of bushes in water. Development zavyazy and growth of berries again demand the strengthened inflow vlagi. The greatest need of grapes for water comes during the period naliva and softenings of berries. Then deficiency of moisture becomes the most opasyony: fruits poorly develop, lag behind in maturing. If at the end perioda naliva berries bushes lack some moisture, and especially at a lack of potassium, that, as a result of a transpiratsiya, cages are dehydrated, osmotic pressure falls, concentration of salts increases in nutritious solution, escapes lose a turgor and berries fade, their elasticity obolochek decreases. But if in such conditions in a softening or a maturity of berries will pass a rain or to water bushes, roots strenuously will pull moisture, cages sharply popolnyat moisture cellular juice that neizyobezhno will lead to cracking of fruits. But izbezhat it it is possible, without allowing a situayotsiya to a critical point.
To operate stability of berries to a rasyotreskivaniye, even grades to it inclined, it is possible and even it is successful, if podxodit to this question it is serious: not to allow application of fertilizers together with water in irrigation holes; to introduce fertilizers in wells on glubinu zaleganiye of the main roots.
(On monthly journal materials "Summer resident").