In a note it is told about ways of updating of machine and tractor park in Ukraine, about the tasks facing domestic agricultural mechanical engineering for the successful competition in the market of agricultural machinery
UDC 631
The prompt rise in prices for equipment and spare parts, fuel and repair materials, strengthening of dependence of economy of the agrarian enterprises from market condition of agricultural products led to loss of solvent demand by them on equipment. The factor of updating of machine and tractor park (MTP), in comparison with the prereform period, decreased in 10 and more times.
Thereof MTP underwent essential moral and physical wear, decreased quantitatively. Level of security of the agrarian enterprises main types of equipment doesn’t exceed 50 % of technological requirement. Over 85 % of tractors, combines and other agricultural machinery are maintained over economically expedient and amortization terms that led to growth of expenses for its repair and support in an efficient condition, decrease in efficiency of use.
Obsolete, physically worn-out MTP brakes introduction of progressive production technologies of production.
Parameters of agricultural machinery should provide:
– requirements of plants and animals by Wednesday in which their maximum efficiency will be provided;
– requirements to the technological operations which consecutive implementation will provide favorable conditions for growth and development of plants;
– requirements to cars and the equipment which will carry out technological operations concerning a minimalizatsiya of operational expenses and technogenic influence on environment.
As the system of technological operations has limited quantity of the elements which performance provides favorable conditions of development of plants, that is possibility to define quantity of the means which delivery to the market will provide needs of producers of agricultural products. The choice of this or that model will depend on financial possibilities of consumers and competitiveness of designs of cars and their producers. However economic interests of the state dictate need to prefer equipment of national production.
Out-of-date technologies and the equipment, poor quality of constructional materials don’t allow to make competitive equipment. Because of it the Ukrainian market is mastered actively by foreign firms. Thus the secondary market on which, the equipment from countries of Western Europe is generally delivered actively develops. After the short period of use of such equipment buyers will bear considerable costs of maintenance it in an efficient condition as this equipment fulfilled already the term. For the successful competition in the market the domestic engineering industry for agrarian and industrial complex should provide:
– rational unification of means at the expense of modern element base and block and modular creation of cars and the equipment;
– high adaptability of means to regional conditions of their use;
– high quality of performance of technological operations at the expense of rational parameters of their workers of bodies and operating modes;
– high reliability and comfort of working conditions, minimum technological load of environment.
At the solution of these tasks not to do without attraction of technologies and the equipment of leading West European firms, use at the first stage of their element base. Therefore it is necessary:
– to carry out technical and technological re-equipment of machine-building enterprises, having provided their transition to flexible low-expensive technologies, reduction of a resursoyemkost of production;
– legislatively to adjust creation of the joint enterprises with foreign firms on manufacturing of the unified element base and components of designs of agricultural machinery of new generation;
– to master at the enterprises of a metallurgical complex production of constructional materials and metal rolling of high durability and wear resistance;
– to improve system of development of design documentation at the expense of automation of process of designing and transition to a block and modular principle of creation of designs;
– to provide transition of branch to system of firm technical service by creation of a dealer network on preselling preparation, sales of equipment and its service during the guarantee and postguarantee periods of operation;
– to create favorable investment climate for attraction of investments into innovative development of branch.
Inseparable conditions of development of mechanical engineering for agrarian and industrial complex is also increase of solvent demand for equipment and creation of modern market infrastructure, standard legal support improvement.
Prime improvement is demanded by price, tax and amortization policy which should stimulate innovative development of agrarian and industrial complex. Changes and additions to the relevant normative legal acts should be directed on support and protection of domestic producer according to norms which the West European producers of agricultural products have.
Implementation of noted actions will provide revival and development of branch of mechanical engineering for agrarian and industrial complex, re-equipment of agrarian sector by modern equipment of national production, increase of productivity of agricultural cultures, increase in gross production and receipt in budgets of all levels.
(On magazine materials Equipment of agrarian and industrial complex).